Sōma Moritane served as a bushō and daimyō during the Sengoku period.  He served as the thirteenth head of the Sōma clan and as the lord of Odaka Castle in the Namekata District of Mutsu Province.

His grandson was also named Sōma Moritane (written with the same characters) and served as the fifteenth head of the Sōma clan.

In 1476, Moritane was born as the son of Sōma Takatane, the twelfth head of the Sōma clan.

On 6/11 of Entoku 4 (1492), Moritane’s father, Takatane, died while deployed in battle against Shineha Takanari.  Moritane succeeded Takatane and, after regrouping, recommenced operations against the Shineha clan.  In the twelfth month, Moritane captured the base of the Shineha at Gongendō Castle and decimated the clan.  He then took command of the Shineha District along with Tomioka and Kido castles in the Naraha District of Mutsu.  Later, these bases were forcibly taken by the Iwaki clan, but, in 1524, recaptured by his son, Sōma Akitane.

On 7/7 of Eishō 18 (1521), Moritane died and was succeeded by Akitane.