The Second Siege of Taka Castle occurred from 4/6 to 4/29 of Tenshō 15 (1587) at Taka Castle in an area known as Niiroin in the Koyu District of Hyūga Province in Kyūshū.  The battle was waged between the Ōtomo army of Bungo Province and the Shimazu army of Satsuma Province.

In 1587, Toyotomi Hideyoshi responded to calls from Ōtomo Yoshishige (Sōrin) to launch the Conquest of Kyūshū.  On 4/6, an army of approximately 80,000 troops led by Toyotomi Hidenaga (Hideyoshi’s younger brother of a different father) crossed the Mimi River and surrounded Taka Castle.  The forces built an observation tower.  In the area of the encampment facing Taka Castle across the Kiribaru River, a flat area has been confirmed that would for the installation of a tower above the earthen mounds.

The besieging forces shot arquebuses and launched flaming arrows at Taka Castle with a garrison of 1,300 soldiers.  Although the defenders withstood the assault, the main division of the Shimazu army was roundly defeated at Nejirozaka and expelled in an event known as the Battle of Nejirozaka.  As a result, Yamada Arinobu and his son, Yamada Arihide, were sent as hostages and, on 4/29, the garrison vacated the castle in defeat.  On 5/1, Miyabe Keijun from Hidenaga’s army entered the castle.  Thereafter, in the course of allocating control of provinces, Hideyoshi returned Taka Castle to Akizuki Tanezane but, in 1615, based on the order to have one castle per province, Taka Castle was abandoned.